Abstract
This study uses SEM to examine how digital training and leadership impact motivation and performance across 378 Vietnamese export enterprises. The novelty lies in clarifying motivation’s mediating role and addressing the literature gap regarding Vietnam’s exporting context during digital transformation. Findings show digital training enhances motivation and indirectly improves performance, whereas digital leadership boosts motivation but lacks direct performance impact. Motivation acts as a crucial mediator transmitting these effects, providing practical HR implications for export enterprises.