Enhancing water conservation behavior: the role of knowledge, attitude and environmental concerns

Manuscript code article-28273
DOI 10.1108/jts-02-2025-0008
Keywords: Environmental concern Knowledge Sustainability Water conservation behavior Water scarcity

Abstract

PurposeWater resources are fundamental to achieving sustainable development. Households play a critical role in global water conservation efforts, directly supporting the attainment of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study expands the knowledge–attitude–behavior (KAB) model to explore how knowledge about water conservation, environmental concern and concern about water scarcity influence residents’ attitudes and their water-saving behavior.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an interviewer-administered survey of 503 respondents in Vietnam and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings reveal that concern about water scarcity significantly shapes attitude and water conservation behavior, whereas general environmental concern has no significant effect. Additionally, knowledge about water conservation positively influences attitude, which drives water-saving behavior. Moreover, the research results provide evidence for the mediating effect of attitude toward water conservation on the relationships between knowledge about water conservation and water conservation behavior, as well as between concern about water scarcity and water conservation behavior.Originality/valueThese results enrich the literature on pro-environmental behavior and water conservation, particularly in emerging markets, and offer practical insights for policymakers, environmental organizations, and utility companies to design targeted communication strategies and campaigns to encourage water conservation.

Chia sẻ bài viết

Facebook X LinkedIn Email

References

1.
citation_title=Barriers and drivers of household water-conservation behavior: a profiling approach; citation_author=Addo I.B.; citation_author=Thoms M.C.; citation_author=Parsons M.; citation_journal_title=Water; citation_year=2018; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=12; citation_pages=1794
2.
citation_title=The influence of water-conservation messages on reducing household water use; citation_author=Addo I.B.; citation_author=Thoms M.C.; citation_author=Parsons M.; citation_journal_title=Applied Water Science; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=5;
3.
citation_title=The theory of planned behavior; citation_author=Ajzen I.; citation_journal_title=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes; citation_year=1991; citation_volume=50; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=179-211;
4.
citation_title=Re-examining green purchase behaviour and the green consumer profile: new evidences; citation_author=Akehurst G.; citation_author=Afonso C.; citation_author=Goncalves H.M.; citation_journal_title=Management Decision; citation_year=2012; citation_volume=50; citation_issue=5; citation_pages=972-988;
5.
citation_title=Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach; citation_author=Anderson J.C.; citation_author=Gerbing D.W.; citation_journal_title=Psychological Bulletin; citation_year=1988; citation_volume=103; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=411-423;
6.
citation_title=Water conservation behavior and environmental concerns: evidence from a representative sample of Italian individuals; citation_author=Aprile M.C.; citation_author=Fiorillo D.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Cleaner Production; citation_year=2017; citation_volume=159; citation_pages=119-129;
7.
citation_title=Global environmentalism: a challenge to the postmaterialism thesis?; citation_author=Brechin S.R.; citation_author=Kempton W.; citation_journal_title=Social Science Quarterly; citation_year=1994; citation_volume=75; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=245-269;
8.
citation_title=The social self: on being the same and different at the same time; citation_author=Brewer M.B.; citation_journal_title=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin; citation_year=1991; citation_volume=17; citation_issue=5; citation_pages=475-482;
9.
citation_title=Attitudes toward water conservation: the influence of site-specific factors and beliefs in climate change; citation_author=Brownlee M.T.J.; citation_author=Hallo J.C.; citation_author=Moore D.D.; citation_author=Powell R.B.; citation_author=Wright B.A.; citation_journal_title=Society and Natural Resources; citation_year=2014; citation_volume=27; citation_issue=9; citation_pages=964-982;
10.
citation_title=An extended model of value-attitude-behavior to explain Chinese consumers’ green purchase behavior; citation_author=Cheung M.F.Y.; citation_author=To W.M.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=50; citation_pages=145-153;
11.
citation_title=Environmental pollution in Vietnam: challenges in management and protection; citation_author=Chu T.T.H.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Vietnamese Environment; citation_year=2018; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=1-3;
12.
citation_title=Determinants of water conservation intention in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; citation_author=Clark W.A.; citation_author=Finley J.C.; citation_journal_title=Society and Natural Resources; citation_year=2007; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=7; citation_pages=613-627;
13.
citation_author=Cosslett T.L.; citation_author=Cosslett P.D.; citation_title=Water Resources and Food Security in the Vietnam Mekong Delta; citation_year=2014;
14.
citation_title=Water conservation behavior in Australia; citation_author=Dolnicar S.; citation_author=Hurlimann A.; citation_author=Grun B.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Management; citation_year=2012; citation_volume=105; citation_issue=14; citation_pages=44-52;
15.
citation_title=Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised NEP scale; citation_author=Dunlap R.E.; citation_author=Van Liere K.D.; citation_author=Mertig A.G.; citation_author=Jones R.E.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Social Issues; citation_year=2000; citation_volume=56; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=425-442;
16.
citation_title=The role of perceived environmental responsibility and environmental concern on shaping green purchase intention; citation_author=Duong C.D.; citation_author=Doan X.H.; citation_author=Dang M.V.; citation_author=Ha N.T.; citation_author=Dam K.V.; citation_journal_title=Vision; citation_year=2022;
17.
citation_title=Overcoming the psychological barriers to energy conservation behaviour: the influence of objective and subjective environmental knowledge; citation_author=Dursun İ.; citation_author=Tümer Kabadayı E.; citation_author=Tuğer A.T.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Consumer Studies; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=43; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=402-416;
18.
citation_title=The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude; citation_author=Eagly A.H.; citation_author=Chaiken S.; citation_journal_title=Social Cognition; citation_year=2007; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=5; citation_pages=582-602;
19.
citation_title=A watershed moment for western US dams; citation_author=East A.E.; citation_author=Grant G.E.; citation_journal_title=Water Resources Research; citation_year=2023; citation_volume=59; citation_issue=10;
20.
citation_title=An experimental test of voluntary strategies to promote urban water demand management; citation_author=Fielding K.S.; citation_author=Spinks A.; citation_author=Russell S.; citation_author=Mccrea R.; citation_author=Stewart R.; citation_author=Gardner J.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Management; citation_year=2013; citation_volume=114; citation_pages=343-351;
21.
citation_title=Using individual householder survey responses to predict household environmental outcomes: the cases of recycling and water conservation; citation_author=Fielding K.S.; citation_author=Van Kasteren Y.; citation_author=Louis W.; citation_author=Mckenna B.; citation_author=Russell S.; citation_author=Spinks A.; citation_journal_title=Resources, Conservation and Recycling; citation_year=2016; citation_volume=106; citation_pages=90-97;
22.
citation_title=Structural equation models with unobservable and measurement error; citation_author=Fornell C.; citation_author=Larcker D.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Marketing Research; citation_year=1981; citation_volume=18; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=39-50;
23.
citation_title=Environmental concern: conceptual definitions, measurement methods, and research findings; citation_author=Fransson N.; citation_author=Gärling T.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Psychology; citation_year=1999; citation_volume=19; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=369-382;
24.
Gaskin J. ( 2012 ), “ Common method bias using common latent factor ”, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7Le5Vb7_jg ( accessed 17 March 2025 ).
25.
citation_title=On environmental concern, willingness to pay, and postmaterialist values: evidence from Istanbul; citation_author=Gökşen F.; citation_author=Adaman F.; citation_author=Zenginobuz E.Ü.; citation_journal_title=Environment and Behavior; citation_year=2002; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=5; citation_pages=616-633;
26.
citation_title=Multicollinearity and measurement error in structural equation models: implications for theory testing; citation_author=Grewal R.; citation_author=Cote J.A.; citation_author=Baumgartner H.; citation_journal_title=Marketing Science; citation_year=2004; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=519-529;
27.
citation_author=Hair J.F.; citation_author=Black W.C.; citation_author=Babin B.J.; citation_author=Anderson R.E.; citation_publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ; citation_title=Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective; citation_year=2010;
28.
citation_title=GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present; citation_author=Harrigan S.; citation_author=Zsoter E.; citation_author=Alfieri L.; citation_author=Prudhomme C.; citation_author=Salamon P.; citation_author=Wetterhall F.; citation_author=Pappenberger F.; citation_author=Cloke H.; citation_journal_title=Earth System Science Data Discussions; citation_year=2020; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=1-23;
29.
citation_title=How do environmental knowledge, eco-label knowledge, and green trust impact consumers’ pro-environmental behaviour for energy-efficient household appliances?; citation_author=Hossain I.; citation_author=Nekmahmud M.; citation_author=Fekete-Farkas M.; citation_journal_title=Sustainability; citation_year=2022; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=11; citation_pages=6513
30.
citation_author=Kline R.B.; citation_publisher=Guilford Press, New York; citation_title=Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling; citation_year=2011;
31.
citation_title=Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?; citation_author=Kollmuss A.; citation_author=Agyeman J.; citation_journal_title=Environmental Education Research; citation_year=2002; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=239-260;
32.
citation_title=Urbanisation and emerging economies: issues and potential solutions for water and food security; citation_author=Kookana R.S.; citation_author=Drechsel P.; citation_author=Jamwal P.; citation_author=Vanderzalm J.; citation_journal_title=Science of the Total Environment; citation_year=2020; citation_volume=732;
33.
citation_title=Water conservation in Casablanca, Morocco; citation_author=Lahlou M.; citation_author=Colyer D.; citation_journal_title=JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association; citation_year=2000; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=5; citation_pages=1003-1012;
34.
citation_title=The role of group orientation and descriptive norms on water conservation attitudes and behaviors; citation_author=Lapinski M.K.; citation_author=Rimal R.N.; citation_author=Devries R.; citation_author=Lee E.L.; citation_journal_title=Health Communication; citation_year=2007; citation_volume=22; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=133-142;
35.
citation_title=The impact of perceived value on consumers’ positive word-of-mouth intention toward energy-efficient appliances; citation_author=Le B.N.; citation_author=Nguyen N.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy; citation_year=2024; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=383-393;
36.
citation_title=Energy literacy of high school students in Vietnam and determinants of their energy-saving behavior; citation_author=Lee Y.-F.; citation_author=Nguyen H.B.N.; citation_author=Sung H.-T.; citation_journal_title=Environmental Education Research; citation_year=2022; citation_volume=28; citation_issue=6; citation_pages=907-924;
37.
citation_title=Antecedents and outcomes of consumer environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviour; citation_author=Leonidou L.C.; citation_author=Leonidou C.N.; citation_author=Kvasova O.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Marketing Management; citation_year=2010; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=13-14; citation_pages=1319-1344;
38.
citation_title=Influence of environmental concern and knowledge on households’ willingness to purchase energy-efficient appliances: a case study in Shanxi, China; citation_author=Li G.; citation_author=Li W.; citation_author=Jin Z.; citation_author=Wang Z.; citation_journal_title=Sustainability; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=1073
39.
citation_title=An integrated analysis framework for water resources sustainability considering fairness and decoupling based on the water resources ecological footprint model: a case study of Xinjiang, China; citation_author=Li D.; citation_author=Zuo Q.; citation_author=Jiang L.; citation_author=Wu Q.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Cleaner Production; citation_year=2023; citation_volume=383;
40.
citation_title=Water scarcity assessments in the past, present, and future; citation_author=Liu J.; citation_author=Yang H.; citation_author=Gosling S.N.; citation_author=Kummu M.; citation_author=Flörke M.; citation_author=Pfister S.; citation_author=Hanasaki N.; citation_author=Wada Y.; citation_author=Zhang X.; citation_author=Zheng C.; citation_author=Alcamo J.; citation_author=Oki T.; citation_journal_title=Earth’s Future; citation_year=2017; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=6; citation_pages=545-559;
41.
citation_title=A review of residential water conservation policies and attempts to measure their effectiveness; citation_author=Maas A.; citation_author=Puri R.; citation_author=Goemans C.; citation_journal_title=PLOS Water; citation_year=2024; citation_volume=3; citation_issue=8;
42.
citation_title=The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance; citation_author=MacKenzie S.B.; citation_author=Podsakoff P.M.; citation_author=Fetter R.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Marketing; citation_year=1993; citation_volume=57; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=70-80;
43.
citation_title=Flying in the face of environmental concern: why green consumers continue to fly; citation_author=Mcdonald S.; citation_author=Oates C.J.; citation_author=Thyne M.; citation_author=Timmis A.J.; citation_author=Carlile C.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Marketing Management; citation_year=2015; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=13-14; citation_pages=1503-1528;
44.
citation_title=Four billion people facing severe water scarcity; citation_author=Mekonnen M.M.; citation_author=Hoekstra A.Y.; citation_journal_title=Science Advances; citation_year=2016; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=2;
45.
citation_title=Gender differences in Egyptian consumers’ green purchase behaviour: the effects of environmental knowledge, concern and attitude; citation_author=Mostafa M.M.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Consumer Studies; citation_year=2007; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=220-229;
46.
citation_title=Shades of green: a psychographic segmentation of the green consumer in Kuwait using self-organizing maps; citation_author=Mostafa M.M.; citation_journal_title=Expert Systems with Applications; citation_year=2009; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=8; citation_pages=11030-11038;
47.
citation_title=Determinants of water use saving behaviour toward sustainable groundwater management; citation_author=Muenratch P.; citation_author=Nguyen T.P.L.; citation_journal_title=Groundwater for Sustainable Development; citation_year=2023; citation_volume=20;
48.
citation_title=Water scarcity in Vietnam: a point of view on virtual water perspective; citation_author=Ngo T.T.; citation_author=Le N.T.; citation_author=Hoang T.M.; citation_author=Luong D.H.; citation_journal_title=Water Resources Management; citation_year=2018; citation_volume=32; citation_issue=11; citation_pages=3579-3593;
49.
citation_title=Determinants influencing conservation behaviour: perceptions of Vietnamese consumers; citation_author=Nguyen T.N.; citation_author=Lobo A.; citation_author=Nguyen H.L.; citation_author=Phan T.T.H.; citation_author=Cao T.K.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Consumer Behaviour; citation_year=2016; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=6; citation_pages=560-570;
50.
citation_title=Energy efficient household appliances in emerging markets: the influence of consumers’ values and knowledge on their attitudes and purchase behaviour; citation_author=Nguyen T.N.; citation_author=Lobo A.; citation_author=Greenland S.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Consumer Studies; citation_year=2017; citation_volume=41; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=167-177;
51.
citation_title=Organic food purchases in an emerging market: the influence of consumers’ personal factors and green marketing practices of food stores; citation_author=Nguyen H.V.; citation_author=Nguyen N.; citation_author=Nguyen B.K.; citation_author=Lobo A.; citation_author=Vu P.A.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=6; citation_pages=1037
52.
citation_title=Household water-energy-food security nexus: empirical evidence from Hamburg and Melani communities in South Africa; citation_author=Ningi T.; citation_author=Taruvinga A.; citation_author=Zhou L.; citation_author=Ngarava S.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Development and Sustainability; citation_year=2021; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=8; citation_pages=315-339;
53.
citation_title=Environmental factors affecting green purchase behaviors of the consumers: mediating role of environmental attitude; citation_author=Ogiemwonyi O.; citation_author=Alam M.N.; citation_author=Alshareef R.; citation_author=Alsolamy M.; citation_author=Azizan N.A.; citation_author=Mat N.; citation_journal_title=Cleaner Environmental Systems; citation_year=2023; citation_volume=10;
54.
citation_title=Environmental consciousness in Vietnam; citation_author=Pham T.T.V.; citation_author=Rambo A.T.; citation_journal_title=Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies; citation_year=2003; citation_volume=41; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=76-100;
55.
citation_title=Opportunities and constraints in the transfer of water technology and experience between countries and regions; citation_author=Pigram J.J.; citation_journal_title=International Journal of Water Resources Development; citation_year=2001; citation_volume=17; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=563-579;
56.
citation_title=Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies; citation_author=Podsakoff P.M.; citation_author=MacKenzie S.B.; citation_author=Lee Y.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Applied Psychology; citation_year=2003; citation_volume=88; citation_pages=879-880;
57.
citation_title=Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it; citation_author=Podsakoff P.M.; citation_author=MacKenzie S.B.; citation_author=Podsakoff N.P.; citation_journal_title=Annual Review of Psychology; citation_year=2012; citation_volume=63; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=539-569;
58.
citation_title=Human appropriation of renewable fresh water; citation_author=Postel S.L.; citation_author=Daily G.C.; citation_author=Ehrlich P.R.; citation_journal_title=Science; citation_year=1996; citation_volume=271; citation_issue=5250; citation_pages=785-788;
59.
citation_title=Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, method, and prescription; citation_author=Preacher K.J.; citation_author=Rucker D.D.; citation_author=Hayes A.F.; citation_journal_title=Multivariate Behavioral Research; citation_year=2007; citation_volume=42; citation_pages=185-227;
60.
citation_title=Examining the attitude–behavior gap in EU ecolabel adoption: a mediation path analysis; citation_author=Recio-Román A.; citation_author=Recio-Menéndez M.; citation_author=Román-González M.V.; citation_journal_title=Sustainability; citation_year=2024; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=16; citation_pages=7214
61.
citation_title=Assessing the structure of UK environmental concern and its association with pro-environmental behaviour; citation_author=Rhead R.; citation_author=Elliot M.; citation_author=Upham P.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Psychology; citation_year=2015; citation_volume=43; citation_pages=175-183;
62.
citation_title=Water demand management research: a psychological perspective; citation_author=Russell S.; citation_author=Fielding K.; citation_journal_title=Water Resources Research; citation_year=2010; citation_volume=46; citation_issue=5;
63.
citation_author=Saunders M.N.K.; citation_author=Lewis P.; citation_author=Thornhill A.; citation_publisher=Pearson, ; citation_title=Research Methods for Business Students; citation_year=2015;
64.
citation_title=Water conservation behavior: exploring the role of social, psychological, and behavioral determinants; citation_author=Singha B.; citation_author=Eljamal O.; citation_author=Karmaker S.C.; citation_author=Maamoun I.; citation_author=Sugihara Y.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Management; citation_year=2022; citation_volume=317;
65.
citation_title=A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia; citation_author=Tan C.-S.; citation_author=Ooi H.-Y.; citation_author=Goh Y.-N.; citation_journal_title=Energy Policy; citation_year=2017; citation_volume=107; citation_pages=459-471;
66.
citation_title=The influence of eco-label knowledge and trust on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in an emerging market; citation_author=Taufique K.M.R.; citation_author=Vocino A.; citation_author=Polonsky M.J.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Strategic Marketing; citation_year=2016; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=7; citation_pages=511-529;
67.
citation_title=Spillover of environment-friendly consumer behaviour; citation_author=Thøgersen J.; citation_author=Ölander F.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Psychology; citation_year=2003; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=3; citation_pages=225-236;
68.
citation_title=Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: a gender-based analysis; citation_author=Tong Y.; citation_author=Fan L.; citation_author=Niu H.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Cleaner Production; citation_year=2017; citation_volume=141; citation_pages=947-955;
69.
citation_title=Intention to conserve water: environmental values, planned behavior, and information effects. A comparison of three communities sharing a watershed; citation_author=Trumbo C.W.; citation_author=O’Keefe G.J.; citation_journal_title=Society and Natural Resources; citation_year=2001; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=10; citation_pages=889-899;
70.
citation_title=The impacts of water conservation strategies on water use: four case studies; citation_author=Tsai Y.; citation_author=Cohen S.; citation_author=Vogel R.M.; citation_journal_title=Journal of the American Water Resources Association; citation_year=2011; citation_volume=47; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=687-701;
71.
citation_title=A theoretical framework for back-translation as a quality assessment tool; citation_author=Tyupa S.; citation_journal_title=New Voices in Translation Studies; citation_year=2011; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=35-46;
72.
citation_title=Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption; citation_author=Willis R.M.; citation_author=Stewart R.A.; citation_author=Panuwatwanich K.; citation_author=Williams P.R.; citation_author=Hollingsworth A.L.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Environmental Management; citation_year=2011; citation_volume=92; citation_issue=8; citation_pages=1996-2009;
73.
citation_title=Relationship between water-conservation behavior and water education in Guangzhou, China; citation_author=Xiong Y.J.; citation_author=Hao X.R.; citation_author=Liao C.; citation_author=Zeng Z.N.; citation_journal_title=Environmental Earth Sciences; citation_year=2015; citation_volume=75; citation_pages=1-9;
74.
citation_title=Intention to purchase organic food among young consumers: evidences from a developing nation; citation_author=Yadav R.; citation_author=Pathak G.S.; citation_journal_title=Appetite; citation_year=2016; citation_volume=96; citation_pages=122-128;
75.
citation_title=Environmental knowledge level and consumer behavior regarding green fashion: a moderated mediation model; citation_author=Zhang G.; citation_author=Wang L.; citation_author=Meng H.; citation_journal_title=Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics; citation_year=2023; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=4; citation_pages=977-992;
76.
citation_title=Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis; citation_author=Zhao X.; citation_author=Lynch J.G.; citation_author=Chen Q.; citation_journal_title=Journal of Consumer Research; citation_year=2010; citation_volume=37; citation_issue=2; citation_pages=197-206;
77.
citation_title=When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM; citation_author=Hair J.F.; citation_author=Risher J.J.; citation_author=Sarstedt M.; citation_author=Ringle C.M.; citation_journal_title=European Business Review; citation_year=2019; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=1; citation_pages=2-24;

Authors

Nguyen, Anh Faculty of Arts and Society, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia Sabani, Alvedi College of Business and Law, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Pham, Ha Thi Thu School of Economics and Management, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Farah, Mohamed College of Business and Law, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

Files

PDF

Trích dẫn

APA

Định dạng

Tải trích dẫn

Published September 22, 2025
Ngày nộp bài September 22, 2025
Ngày chỉnh sửa August 9, 2026
Article Views4
Document Views4
Downloads3
Copyright Holder 2025

Cited-by Summary

DOI: 10.1108/jts-02-2025-0008

  • Citing journals 0
  • Distinct citing articles 0
  • Total citation records 0

Related

Other articles in this issue

Emerald Volume 13 Issue 3

View Issue